
La seconda metà del Duecento è stata interpretata dagli storici come una fase di trasformazione della civiltà comunale, con l’inversione di un secolare trend di crescita verso la cosiddetta «crisi del Trecento». Gli studi dedicati a questo importante snodo non ne hanno tuttavia esaurito la complessità, lasciando ampi margini di approfondimento, in particolare per ciò che riguarda la stretta connessione tra riassetto produttivo e commerciale, mutamento del tessuto sociale e cambiamenti politici. Pavia, nei decenni finali del secolo, stava affrontando una fase di rallentamento della propria economia e significative trasformazioni del profilo istituzionale. Lo studio di questa città ha costituito un valido terreno di ricerca per indagare questo controverso periodo: i segnali dei lenti mutamenti in atto sono emersi dalla lettura delle fonti, svelando il manifestarsi di un nuovo atteggiamento adottato dai cittadini nelle loro strategie d’investimento e di un più attento intervento da parte delle istituzioni, il Comune e la Mercanzia. Di fronte ai primi segnali di cambiamento, la reazione pavese si orientò verso l’intensificazione nello sfruttamento delle risorse del...
Delineates the history of the censure in 1934-45 of books written by Jewish authors in Italy. Until 1938, censorship had a preventive character; it was carried out through administrative regulations, which restricted the distribution of the books. The Racial Laws of 1938 created the legislative basis for further restrictions on books by Jews. A series of laws, decrees, and regulations progressively carried out Mussolini's policy of eliminating Jewish books from Italian cultural life. Lists of Jewish authors, Italian and foreign, were established and continuously amended by public officers. Pp. 315-345 compare the situation in Italy to that in Germany, asserting that German influence was less than what is usually thought; Italy even preceded Germany in this regard. The appendix (pp. 437-484) contains the lists of Jewish authors whose works were banned, as well as letters and documents.
Includes section "Bullettino bibliografico".
The invasion of northern and central Italy by Napoleon's army in 1796 resulted in an exacerbation of the chronic economic crisis of northern Italy and in a deterioration of the already harsh living conditions of the Italian peasants. Between 1796-99 several uprisings took place throughout the country against the occupiers. The Jews, who had been favored by the French with dissolution of the ghetto and the granting of civil rights, were seen as allies of the French. They became the object of the peasants' hatred, fueled by traditional negative stereotypes about Jews. Several Jewish communities suffered attacks; in some places, Jews were murdered and their property was destroyed. Only in 1800 did the French succeed in quelling the uprising and restoring order.
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